On the Origin of Species (Charles Darwin, 1859) Index generated by IndexStudio from the archive.org scan (https://archive.org/details/onoriginofspec00darw), unedited. Page numbers refer to the printed pages of that edition. A. Cygnoides, 253 A. De Jussieu, 417 Aberrant Groups, 429 Aboriginal Stocks, 14, 23 Aborted Organs, 149, 436, 450, 485 Abyssinia, 375 Acclimatisation, 133, 139 Adam Sedgwick, 302, 310 Adaptation, 30, 60, 82, 170, 197, 406, 414, 447, 456, 468, 478, 485 ecological relations, 472 Adder, 200 Adult Insect, 86 Aerial Mammals, 171, 200, 204, 394, 404, 409, 478 Affinities, 124, 329, 349, 411, 485 Africa, 340, 398 Agassiz, 302, 310, 338, 418 Age of Inheritance, 444 Agouti, 349 Agricultural Works, 141 Air-Breathing Lung, 204 Albinism, 13, 275 Alexander Von Humboldt, 374 Alfred Russel Wallace, 2, 355 Algae, 376 Alligators, 88 Alphonse De Candolle, 53, 115, 146, 175, 360, 379, 386, 389, 392, 406 Alpine Fauna and Flora, 45, 84, 367, 376, 403 Alps, 365 Alternations of Climate, 382 Amblyopsis, 139 America, 346 American Type, 349 Ammonites, 318, 321 Anagallis Arvensis, 247 Analogical Variation and Resemblance, 49, 159, 194, 411, 427, 456 Ancestral Characters, 25, 166, 417 Ancient Encyclopedias of China, 141 Ancient Forms, 336, 405 Ancient Geography, 487 Ancon Sheep, 30 Ancylus, 386 Andes, 373 Anglesea, 285 Animal Organs, 190 Annelids, 191 Anomma, 240 Antarctic Regions, 381, 399 Anteater, 341 Antennæ, 138 Antirrhinum, 161 Ants, 209–210, 236, 238–239, 241–242, 460 Aphids, 210, 239, 442 excretion, 211 Apteryx, 182 Aquatic Animals, 100 Aquatic Habits, 179 Aquatic Insects, 77 Aquatic Plants, 386 Arabian Horse, 35, 165 Aralo-Caspian Sea, 339 Archetype, 435 Archipelagos, 409 Arctic Regions, 69, 78, 354, 366–367, 378–379 Armadillo, 341 Articulata, 187, 419, 436 Artificial Fertilisation, 249 Artificial Selection, 30, 61, 80, 109, 214, 269, 446 domestication, 467 Asa Gray, 115, 176, 365 Ascension, 389 Asclepias, 193 Asexual Reproduction, 43, 261 Asparagus, 359 Aspicarpa, 417 Ass, 163, 167 Ateuchus, 135 Atlantic Ocean, 357 Atolls, 357 Attrition, 286 Audubon, 185, 387 Aug. St. Hilaire, 418 Australia, 18, 64, 100, 106, 215, 347, 352, 373, 380, 389, 399, 403, 429 Australian Marsupials, 116 Azara, 72 Azoic Rocks, 307 Azores, 363, 393 Babington, 48 Bakewell, 35 Balanidae, 176, 192 Baltic Sea, 44 Bamboo, 197 Barb, 21 Barb-Pigeon, 161 Barberry, 98 Bark-Feeding Insects, 84 Barrande, 307, 310, 313, 317, 325, 330 Barriers, 346–347, 407 Bastard-Wing, 450 Batrachians, 331, 391, 409, 431 Beans, 77 Bears, 425 Beauty, 199 Bees, 93, 97, 172, 202, 228–229, 231, 234 Beetles, 157, 404, 454 Belgium, 304 Bentham, 48, 419 Bermuda, 391 Birds, 68, 84, 89, 103, 136, 182, 185, 204, 212, 217, 361–362, 431 Bizcacha, 430 Black Bear, 184 Black-Grouse, 84 Blindness, 137 Blue Eyes and Deafness, 144 Blue Pimpernel, 268 Boar, 88 Bonin Islands, 394 Borneo, 375 Bory St. Vincent, 393 Botanical Provinces, 408 Brachiopods, 46 Branchial Structures, 191, 479 Branching Descent, 129 Brazil, 374 Breeding and Breeds, 19, 30–31, 40, 89, 103, 111, 443 Britain, 395 British Channel, 401 British Museum, 219 Bronn, 293, 312 Brood Parasitism, 217 Broodiness, 215 Buckland, 329 Buckman, 10 Bulldog, 214, 444 Buoyancy, 359 Burrowing Rodents, 137 Butterflies, 404 C. C. Sprengel, 98, 145 Calceolaria, 251 Cambridge, 226 Canary-Bird, 252 Canidae, 404 Cape Region and Islands, 38, 322, 375, 389, 398–399, 478 Capt. Hutton, 253 Capybara, 349 Carboniferous System, 296, 334 Carnivorous Mammals, 113, 116 Caroline Archipelago, 394 Carrier Pigeon, 335 Carriers, 90 Cassini, 145 Caste Differentiation, 241 Catasetum, 424 Catastrophism, 317 Caterpillar, 208 Cats, 12, 42, 74, 91 Catskill Mountains, 91 Cattle, 72, 86, 111, 299, 451 Causes of Sterility, 263 Cave Animals, 137–138, 404, 454 Caves of Styria, 137 Celebes, 395 Cell Structure, 225, 230, 484 Centres of Creation, 351–355, 407 Cephalopods, 331, 442 Cervulus Reevesii, 253 Cervulus Vaginalis, 253 Cetaceans, 144, 428 Ceylon, 140, 375 Chalk, 286, 305, 322, 335 Changes in Land Elevation, 309 Charles Island, 402 Charles Lyell, 62, 282–283, 296, 356, 363, 481 Charlock, 76 Chatham Island, 402 Chemical Composition, 484 Chestnut Mare, 165 Chickens, 215 Chile, 373 Chinese Encyclopedia, 34 Chiton, 288 Chthamalus, 288 Circumferential Wall, 230 Circumpolar Land, 346, 370 Cirripedes, 101, 148, 191, 424, 440 Classification, 5, 34, 45, 57, 59, 124–126, 213, 332, 411–412, 423, 428, 456, 478 groups, 471 Clausen, 339 Clift, 339 Climate, 68, 78, 132, 139, 167, 196, 325, 346 Climate Change, 301, 351, 356, 407 Close Interbreeding, 96, 248 Cnestis, 415 Coadaptation, 3, 109 Coastal Erosion, 283, 286, 290, 300 Cobites, 190 Coccus, 46 Cock, 88 Cockroach, 76 Cocoon, 87 Coelospermous Seeds, 146 Coleoptera, 55, 136 Collins, 35 Colonel Hamilton Smith, 164 Colonel Poole, 164 Columba Livia, 23 Columbidae, 24 Colymbetes, 386 Comb Construction, 232 Common Descent, 50, 158, 173, 200, 282, 344, 351, 354, 385, 405, 420, 426, 449, 456, 458, 473, 476, 484 Common Laurel, 92 Common Mule, 264 Common Oak, 50 Common Species, 110, 117 Competition, 53, 68, 75–77, 106–107, 175, 205, 314, 319, 326, 388, 400, 468 similar forms, 320 Complemental Males, 441 Compositous Plants, 144 Conditions of Life, 43, 46, 131, 133, 171, 206, 266, 319 Condor, 66 Conglomerate, 283 Connaraceae, 415 Continents, 105, 107, 308, 346–347, 389 Coots, 185 Coral Reefs, 309, 357 Cordillera, 378 Correlated Characters, 426 Correlated Variation, 11, 33, 85, 143, 168, 198, 237, 466, 473, 486 Cosmogonists, 167 Cotyledons, 419 Cowslip, 247, 268, 485 Coypu, 349 Craven Fault, 285 Creation, 346 special creation, 483 Creator, 188 Crinum Capense, 250 Crinum Revolutum, 250 Cross-Fertilisation, 19, 32, 92, 267 Crustaceans, 182, 187, 372, 419, 431, 435, 440 Cryptocerus, 238 Ctenomys, 137 Cultivated Flowers, 32–33 Cultivated Plants, 15, 33, 99, 147, 261, 268 Cultivation, 4, 8, 37, 131 Curculio, 85 Currant, 262 Cuvier, 303, 310, 329 d’Archiac, 325 D’Orbigny, 297 Dahlia, 12, 37 Daisy, 145 Dandelion, 77 De Candolle, 430 De Verneuil, 325 Deep-Sea Deposits, 291 Deer, 90 Denudation, 283, 287 Descent with Modification, 123, 171, 302, 331, 343, 380, 389, 411, 443, 475, 483 Deserts, 78, 348 Development, 435, 441 Devonian System, 334 Dezertas, 136 Dianthus, 256–257 Dipsacus, 30 Dispersal, 346, 382, 407, 476 Distribution, 353, 409–410, 466 Divergence of Character, 5, 53, 57, 111, 116, 127, 331, 344, 412, 470, 490 Diving Thrushes, 204 Division of Labour cooperative construction, 231 social insects, 241 Dogs, 18, 35, 90, 196, 213–214, 254, 268, 299, 393, 444 domestication, 215 Domestic Breeds, 15, 134 Domestic Fowl and Waterfowl, 11, 19, 244, 253 brood parasitism, 216 Domestic Horse, 167 Domestic Pigeons, 20, 24, 152, 335 Domesticated and Grass-Feeding Mammals, 18, 75, 404 Domestication, 16–17, 24, 38, 80, 90, 110, 131, 140, 198, 215, 254, 265, 269, 299, 320, 423, 444–445, 461, 467, 486 Donkeys, 42 Dorking Fowl, 152 Doubtful Species, 44, 47 Downing, 85 Dr. Asa Gray, 100 Dr. Aug. a. Gould, 397 Dr. Brewer, 217 Dr. Falconer, 65, 334, 378 Dr. Hooker, 2, 100, 378, 381, 391, 429 Dragon-Fly, 190 Drift Timber, 360 Driver Ant, 240 Duckweed, 385 Dugong, 427 Dun Horses, 164 Dung-Feeding Beetles, 135 Dutch, 28 Dyticus, 386 E. Forbes, 132, 291, 316 E. V. Harcourt, 391 Eagle, 188 Earthworms, 100 Eciton, 238 Ecological Interactions, 75 Edentata, 144, 341, 476 Edward Forbes, 287, 357, 409 Effects of Habit, 213 Eggs, 22 Egypt, 18 Electric Organs, 192 Elephants, 64, 141, 334 Elevation, 292 Elie De Beaumont, 317 Embryology, 3, 14, 264, 336, 338, 411, 418, 426, 436, 439, 441, 449, 453, 457, 478–479, 486 Embryonic Development, 143, 439, 452 Enclosure, 42, 71 Endemism, 105, 135, 380, 390, 409 Engidae, 157 England, 328 English Carrier, 21 English Pointer, 35, 120 English Racehorses, 35, 120, 356 Eocene, 328, 337 Epidemics, 68 Equator, 377 Equatorial America, 374 Eskimos, 34 Europaeo-Asiatic Area, 106 Europe, 371 European Cuckoo, 217 Evolution, 311, 490 Existing and Sunken Islands, 382 External Characters, 38, 447 External Conditions, 29, 489 Extinct Species, 124 Extinction, 5, 52, 81, 108–109, 119, 121, 127, 172, 201, 203, 292, 315, 317, 377, 411, 431, 450, 467, 470, 489–490 causes, 319 rate, 318 species and groups, 475 Eye, 171, 202, 204 optical perfection, 186 Eyton, 182 F. Smith, 219, 239 Falconer and Cautley, 310, 313, 340 Falkland Islands, 393 Family Selection, 237 Fantail Pigeons, 21, 39, 159, 280, 315 Far-Ranging Species, 301 Fauna and Flora, 53, 333, 347, 403 Favourable Variations, 81 Female Moths, 452 Feral Animals, 24, 375 Fertility, 259, 267, 460 gradation, 255 Field-Mice, 74 Final Causes, 435 Fir Trees, 203 First Crosses, 245, 259 Fish, 330, 428 Flexibility of Constitution, 141 Flight, 22, 134 Flora of the Galapagos Archipelago, 398 Fly-Flapper, 195 Flying Lemur, 181 Flying Reptiles, 182 Flying Squirrels, 180 Flying-Fish, 182 Food, 7, 73, 132, 167, 196 Forbes, 175, 389 Foreign Species, 83 Formica Flava, 222, 239 Formica Fusca, 219, 221 Formica Rufaescens, 219, 223 Formica Sanguinea, 219, 221 recognition, 222 Forms of Life geological simultaneity, 324 simultaneous change, 322 Fossils, 52, 129, 174, 287, 291, 295, 304, 315, 329, 342, 464, 475, 483, 487 intermediate links, 298 preservation conditions, 288 Fossorial Hymenoptera, 157 France, 48, 328 Frederick Cuvier, 208 Free Intercrossing, 108 Fresh Water, 107 Fresh-Water Life, 42, 54, 354, 362, 383–385, 387–388, 407 Fries, 57 Frogs, 393 Fuchsia, 251 Fuci, 258 Fuegia, 381 Fuller’s Teazle, 30 Fulmar Petrel, 66 Fur, 133 Furcula, 22 Galapagos Archipelago, 48, 390, 397–398, 400–401, 478 Galeopithecus, 181 Gallinaceous Birds, 156, 264 Gallus Bankiva, 19 Ganoid Fishes, 107, 321 Gärtner, 49, 98, 246, 255, 258, 270, 272 Genealogical Classification, 420, 449, 455, 457, 479, 486 Generative Organs, 414 Generic Characters, 16, 156, 168, 474 Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 8, 434 Geographical Distribution, 3, 23, 48–49, 78, 106, 133, 174, 314, 346–349, 372, 382, 405, 408, 461, 476 Geology, 3, 56, 84, 95, 109, 124, 172, 174, 279, 282, 285, 291, 295, 312, 317, 326, 333–334, 341, 345, 353, 357, 406, 464–465, 468, 475, 481, 487–488 geological time, 287 imperfection, 292, 475 intermittent accumulation, 295 metaphor, 310 stratigraphic gaps, 289 Geometrical Increase, 63, 79, 467 Georges Cuvier, 206, 440 German Spitz, 268 Germination, 361 Giraffe, 195 Girou De Buzareingues, 270 Glacial Period, 294, 324, 346, 363, 366, 373–374, 377–378, 407, 462, 477 postglacial retreat, 367 Gmelin, 365 Gnathodon, 368 Godwin-Austen, 299 Goodwood Races, 35 Gooseberry, 32, 262 Gould, 132 Gourd, 270 Gradualism, 210, 316, 471 instinct, 474 Grafting, 10, 261 Grasses, 113, 416 Great Britain, 48, 58, 337, 352, 364, 376 Groups of Species, 316 Groups Subordinate to Groups, 411 Growing Comb, 230 H. C. Watson, 48, 53, 140, 292, 363, 367, 376 H. Newman, 74 H.M.S. Beagle, 1, 386 Habit, 11, 139, 208, 474 Habitats, 346 Halting-Places, 396 Hare, 196 Hares, 68 Hazel-Nuts, 359 Hearne, 184 Heartsease, 33 Helix Pomatia, 397 Helosciadium, 359 Hemionus, 163, 167 Henri Fabre, 218 Herbaceous Plants, 392 Hereditary Variation, 4, 14, 80, 118, 443, 466 Hermaphrodites, 96 Heusinger, 12 Hewitt, 264 Hexagonal Cells, 225, 227 Hexagonal Prisms, 228 Hieracium, 46 Himalaya, 140, 373, 378 Hinny, 274 Hippeastrum, 250, 262 Historical Breeding Authorities, 7, 28, 96 Hive-Bee, 94, 209, 474 architectural powers, 227 cell-making, 207, 224 comb architecture, 235 comb-making, 216 Holly, 93 Homology, 143, 168, 200, 204, 434, 438, 452, 479–480 Honey, 234 Honeycomb, 224, 226 Hooded Crow, 212 Horner, 18 Horse, 18, 163, 165, 200, 281, 299, 318 Horticulture, 9, 32 Hottentot, 424 Household Slaves, 220 Huber, 230 Hugh Miller, 283 Humble-Bees, 74, 95, 225, 227 Huxley, 338 Hyacinth, 12 Hybridization, 5, 26, 43, 47, 166, 172, 245–246, 248–249, 252, 255, 257–259, 265, 272, 461 crossed offspring, 475 sterility, 245 Hydra, 190 Hymenoptera, 415 Ibla, 148 Icebergs, 363, 381, 399 Ichneumon Wasps, 200, 244 Immigration, 81, 104, 107, 114, 178, 322, 400 Immutability of Species, 6, 310, 335 Imperfection of Adaptation, 472 Imperfection of the Geological Record, 5, 280 Inbreeding, 70, 267 Incidental Sterility, 260 Incipient Fertilisation, 255 Incipient Species, 52, 111, 125, 470 Independent Creation, 355, 372, 389, 396, 406 India, 28, 322 Indian Cattle, 18, 254 Indian Fowl, 19 Indian Government, 164 Indian Mounds, 74 Indian Ocean, 305, 348 Indigenous Species, 115 Individual Variation, 40, 45, 50–51, 60, 102 Inheritance, 12, 19, 26, 61, 81, 86, 118, 127, 146, 199, 209, 235, 243, 345, 350, 423, 438, 455, 469, 480, 489 classification, 479 Inorganic Conditions of Life, 104 Insectivorous Birds, 71 Insects, 45–46, 67, 191, 195, 252, 434 Instinct, 5, 172, 207, 210, 474 difficult cases, 235 geographical variation, 475 Insular Beetles, 392 Inter-Migration, 370 Intercrossing, 43, 70, 96, 314, 355 Intermediate Forms, 47, 176, 203, 279, 330, 344, 462–463, 481 Internal Organs, 45 Intertropical Regions, 378, 380 Introduced Species, 201 Introduction to the Flora of New Zealand, 375 Invertebrata, 330 Iran, 28 Ireland, 49 Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 11, 144 Island Biogeography, 81, 477 Islands, 107, 354 Isolation, 82, 104, 178, 326, 351 Isthmus of Panama, 348 J. M. Jones, 391 Jacobin, 21 James Dwight Dana, 372 Japan, 372 Java, 375 Java Fantail, 39 Jerusalem Artichoke, 142 Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, 147 John Berkeley, 358 John Edward Gray, 163 John James Audubon, 212 John Lubbock, 46 John O. Westwood, 57 Johnston’s Physical Atlas, 359 Joseph Dalton Hooker, 53, 140, 373, 379 Journal of the Linnean Society, 2 Juan Fernandez, 478 Kangaroo, 425 Kattywar Horses, 164 Kentucky Caves, 137 Kerguelen Land, 381, 399 Kestrel, 183 Kidney Bean, 142 Kidneys, 144 King Charles’s Spaniel, 35 Kingfisher, 183 Kirby, 135 Kitchen Garden, 33 Kitty-Wrens, 243 Kollin, 165 Kolreuter, 98, 246, 258, 451 Koulan, 163 La Plata, 65, 184, 318, 349, 380 Labrador, 365 Lacustrine Productions, 406 Lakes and Marshes, 404 Lamarck, 242, 427 Land Molluscs, 100, 397 Land-Birds, 390 Landrail, 185 Languages, 422 Lapse of Time, 282 Large Genera, 54, 117 Largeness of Area, 105 Larvae, 86, 439, 448 Laugher, 21 Laws, 101, 131, 147, 167, 196–198, 205, 254, 261, 339, 486, 490 Le Roy, 214 Leaf-Eating Insects, 84 Leguminosae, 92 Leicester Sheep, 36 Lemuridae, 181 Lepidoptera, 136 Lepidosiren, 107, 130, 330, 429 Lingula, 306, 316 Linnaeus, 64, 413 Linnean Society, 2 Lion, 88 Littoral Animals, 300 Living Fossils, 107, 486 Living Species, 313 Livingstone, 34 Lobelia, 73, 98, 250, 262 Local Distribution, 353 Local Varieties, 103, 298, 464 Locusts, 75 Loess of the Rhine, 384 Logger-Headed Duck, 134, 182 London Catalogue of Plants, 58 Long-Horned Cattle, 15, 111 Longmynd Beds, 307 Lord Moreton, 165 Lord Somerville, 31 Lord Spencer, 35 Louis Agassiz, 139, 366, 439, 449 Low Organisms, 55, 406 Luminous Organs, 193 Lund, 339 Lungs, 191 Lyell, 307, 323, 381 Lyell’s Manual, 289 M. Bosquet, 304 M. Hartung, 363 M. Martens, 360 M. Richard, 417 Macleay, 427 Macrauchenia, 323 Madeira, 48, 135, 314, 339, 390, 393, 402 Madeira Beetles, 135 Magpie, 212 Maize, 270 Malacca, 375 Malay Archipelago, 2, 299, 395 Male Weapons, 88 Malpighiaceae, 417 Malthus, 5, 63 Mammals, 289, 303, 395 Mammary Glands, 450 Man, 320 Manual of the Flora of the Northern United States, 115 Marianne Archipelago, 394 Marine Currents, 325 Marine Life, 290, 298, 347–348, 372, 376, 384, 390 Marshall, 41, 423 Marsupials, 339, 430, 476 Mastodon, 318, 334 Matteucci, 193 Matthiola Annua, 258 Mauritius, 393 Maximum Development, 410 Means of Dispersal, 356 birds, 362 floating plants, 359 occasional means, 358 Medicinal Leech, 76 Mediterranean Sea, 372 Megatherium, 318, 323, 341 Melanism, 275 Melipona, 225–226 cell construction, 227 wax economy, 234 Merino Sheep, 31 Merionethshire, 285 Metamorphism, 308–309, 343 Metamorphosed Leaves, 436 Mice, 141 Micropterus, 182 Migration, 212, 293, 313, 327, 342, 347, 352, 364, 377, 407–408, 462, 476, 488 historical biogeography, 487 Milk Secretion, 451 Milne Edwards, 115, 194, 418 Mineralogical Composition, 290 Mirabilis Jalappa, 258 Mirabilis Longiflora, 258 Missel-Thrush, 76 Mississippi, 284, 294 Mocking-Thrushes, 402 Modification, 59, 350, 379, 405, 408, 483 Moles, 137 Mollusca, 182 Mongrels, 26, 99, 267, 272 Monkey, 200, 303 Monochanthus, 424 Monstrosities, 44, 145 Moquin-Tandon, 132 Moraines, 366 Morphology, 411, 434, 437, 456, 485 Mountain Ranges, 348, 354 Mountain Sheep, 76 Mouse-Duns, 164 Mozart, 209 Mr. Bakewell’s Flock, 36 Mr. Birch, 27 Mr. Blyth, 253 Mr. Brent, 214 Mr. Buckley, 36 Mr. Burgess, 36 Mr. C. Noble, 251 Mr. Eyton, 253 Mr. Gould, 398 Mr. Lubbock, 241 Mr. Pierce, 91 Mr. St. John, 91 Mr. Tegetmeier, 228 Mr. Thwaites, 140 Mr. Wallace, 1 Mr. Watson, 176 Mr. Wollaston, 176 Mule, 165, 274 Müller, 10 Multiple Origin, 18 Murchison, 317 Mustela Vison, 179 Mutation, 336, 480 Mutilations, 135 Mutual Checks, 74 Mutualism, 78, 211 Myanthus, 424 Mylodon, 323 Myrmecocystus, 238 Myrmica, 240 Native Species, 83 Natura Non Facit Saltum, 194, 206, 210, 243, 471 Natural Classification, 330, 411, 413, 432, 449, 478 Natural Conditions, 264 Natural Creation, 59 Natural Economy, 122, 173 Natural Enemies, 3, 60, 78 Natural Genera, 353 Natural History, 51, 300, 453, 484, 486 Natural Selection, 5–6, 29, 33, 38, 46, 52, 60–61, 80, 102, 107–109, 112, 118, 126–129, 133, 135–137, 167, 177, 227, 245, 269, 280, 292, 314, 317, 320, 322, 345, 350, 377, 379, 392, 401, 410, 435, 437, 448, 454, 467, 489–490 adaptation, 469, 472 climate, 198 eye evolution, 186 instinct, 209 instinct evolution, 235 interactions between species, 200 natural selection versus artificial selection, 83 sexual selection, 197 slave-making, 223 stabilization, 474 sterile castes, 237 Natural Varieties, 277 Naturalisation, 15, 64, 69, 83, 106, 110, 115, 319, 337, 365, 377, 380, 412, 472 naturalisation, 114 Naturalists, 2, 23, 47 Nautilus, 306 Necessary Development, 351 Nectar, 92 Negro, 424 Nelumbium, 387 Nestling Birds, 87 New Species, 105 New World, 346–347 New Zealand, 100, 201, 337, 339, 373, 376, 381, 389, 394, 399 Nicotiana, 257, 271 Norfolk Island, 394 North America, 179, 289, 322, 371 North Downs, 285 Northern Forms, 379 Northern India, 340 Northern Italy, 366 Northern Scandinavia, 368 Northern Temperate Zones, 376 Norwegian Species, 49 Nova Scotia, 296 Nuptial Plumage, 237 Nurserymen, 41, 103 Ocean Floor, 288 Oceanic Islands, 105, 308, 388, 396, 409, 454, 477 Ocelli, 240 Oil Gland, 22 Old World, 339, 346–347 Onion, 99 Onites Apelles, 135 Ontogeny, 439 Optic Nerve, 187 Orchids, 73, 193, 203, 424 Organic Beings, 80, 106, 126, 128, 312 Organic Change, 345, 408 geological time, 488 Organic Conditions of Life, 84 Organs, 171, 186, 194, 196, 414 Origin of Species, 1, 483–484, 488 Ornithorhynchus, 107, 130, 416, 429 Orthospermous Seeds, 146 Oscillations of Level, 291 Ostrich, 66, 134, 182, 218 Ourang-Outang, 150 Ovigerous Frena, 191 Owen, 192, 310, 329, 414, 435 Pachyderms, 329, 416 Pacific Ocean, 309, 348 Paleontological Collections imperfection, 287 Paleontology, 297, 305, 333, 343 Paleozoic Formations, 284–285, 289, 294, 308, 321, 323 Paley, 201 Palpi, 138 Papilionaceous Flowers, 97 Paraguay, 72 Paraguayan Fly, 72 Parallel Succession, 325 Parallelism in the Laws of Life, 409 Parasitic Bees, 236, 474 Parasitism, 70, 148, 218, 234, 441 Parent Species, 16, 301, 315 Partridges, 68 Parturition, 197 Parus Major, 183 Passiflora, 251 Paternity, 485 Peach, 261 Peacock, 42, 89 Pear, 37, 261 Peas, 77 Pedigree, 31, 422 Pedunculated Oak, 50 Pelicans, 362 Pelvis, 144 Penguin, 182 Peter Simon Pallas, 163, 253 Petrels, 184, 204 Phascolomys, 430 Pheasants, 216, 253 Philippi, 312 Physical Conditions, 44, 199, 346, 400, 466 Physiology, 45, 93, 115, 256, 415, 453 Pictet, 302, 316, 335, 338 Pierre Huber, 208, 219, 225 Pigeon Breeding, 25, 28, 42, 112 Pigeons, 21–23, 83, 159, 268, 280, 335, 423, 445–446 Pimpernels, 247 Pineapple, 423 Pistil, 452 Plant Acclimatisation, 140 Plant Distribution, 406 Plant Selection, 36, 41 Plant Structures, 133, 436 Plants, 46, 387 Pleistocene Period, 324 Pliny, 28 Pliocene, 324 newer, 370 older, 370 Plum, 261 Plumage, 22, 89 Polar Circle, 370 Pollen, 92, 255, 263 Pollination, 73, 92 Polymorphism, 46, 48, 81 Population Increase, 65, 102 Population Limitation, 63 Population Size, 41 Porto Santo, 402 Potato, 12 Potentiality of Rudiments, 451 Poultry, 18, 21, 86 Pouter Pigeon, 21, 39, 159, 280 Predation, 68 Prepotency, 99, 274 Prestwich, 328 Prey, 175 Primordial Form, 484 Primordial Zone, 307 Primrose, 247, 268, 485 Primula Elatior, 49 Primula Veris, 49 Principle of Divergence, 112 Principle of Inheritance, 5 Principles of Geology, 282 Proboscis, 94 Professor Dana, 139 Professor Huxley, 101 Professor Lepsius, 27 Professor Miller, 226 Professor Pictet, 305 Professor Ramsay, 284–285 Professor Silliman, 137 Progressive Evolution, 489 Propinquity of Descent, 413 Prosper Lucas, 12, 275 Proteaceae, 415 Protean Genera, 46 Protective Coloration, 84 Proteolepas, 148 Proteus, 139 Provincial Names, 40 Puffinuria Berardi, 185 Pure Species, 256 Purple Plums, 85 Pyrenees, 365 Pyrgoma, 151 Quagga, 163, 167 Quails, 363 Queen Bee, 202 Queen-Wasp, 233 Quince, 261 R. T. Lowe, 52 Rabbit, 19, 215 Race Horses, 15 Races of Humanity, 199 Radiating Affinities, 431 Radish, 99 Ramond, 368 Rarity, 109–110, 319 Ratio of Increase, 490 Rattlesnake, 201 Recapitulation, 459 Reciprocal Crosses, 258, 260 Red Clover, 95 Red Grouse, 49, 84 Red Pimpernel, 268 Rengger, 72 Representative Species, 173, 336, 372, 404, 462, 478 Reproduction, 8, 43, 82, 131, 260, 265, 269, 273, 460, 489 Reptiles, 330, 391 Respiration, 190 Restricted Geographical Ranges, 58 Retrievers, 213 Retrograde Development, 441 Retrograde Metamorphosis, 448 Reversion, 13, 25, 43, 152, 166, 169, 200, 273, 473 Rhea, 349 Rhinoceroses, 141 Rhododendron, 251–252 Rhombic Plates, 229 Ribs, 22 Richard Owen, 134, 149, 191, 319, 452 River Systems, 384 Robert Brown, 415 Robinia, 262 Rock-Thrush of Guiana, 89 Rodents, 116, 141, 349, 430 Roguing, 32 Rose, 37 Rotation of Plants, 114 Rudimentary Organs, 149, 168, 411, 416, 425, 450, 457, 478, 480, 483, 486 variation, 452 Ruminants, 116, 329, 332, 416 Russia, 289 Ruta Baga, 159 Sacred Beetle, 135 Sagar(et), 262 Salmon, 88 Salt-Loving Plants, 54 Satellites, 57 Saurophagus Sulphuratus, 183 Saxony, 31 Scent, 202 Schiodte, 138 Scotch Fir, 71 Scotland, 366 Sea Currents, 359 Sea Erosion, 286 Sea-Coast Insects, 133 Sea-Lizards, 436 Sea-Shells, 391 Sea-Water, 358 Seal, 200 Secondary Causes, 488 Secondary Formations, 308 Secondary Laws, 469, 482 Secondary Period, 287, 289, 318 Secondary Strata, 284 Sedimentation, 283–284, 286, 288, 290, 465 Seeds, 67, 77, 361, 364, 386 seawater resistance, 358 soil transport, 363 Selection, 4, 356 artificial selection, 83 Selection by Man, 29 Selection History, 33 Selective Breeding, 112 Self-Fertilisation, 97, 250 Sensitive Nerve, 187 Serial Homology, 438 Sessile Cirripedes, 151, 192, 288 Sessile Oak, 50 Setter, 35 Sexual Dimorphism, 150, 169, 274, 468 Sexual Reproduction, 42, 93, 132 Sexual Selection, 87–88, 127, 156, 196, 199, 468 Sheep, 18, 83, 177, 299 Shepherd Dogs, 213 Short Migrations, 383 Short-Horn Cattle, 320 Short-Horns, 111 Siberia, 368 Sicily, 312 Sikkim, 373 Silene, 257 Silkworm, 86, 444 Silla of Caraccas, 374 Silurian, 306–307, 313, 328, 331, 334, 343, 420, 463, 489 Simultaneous Rotation, 114 Sir Charles Lyell, 2, 95, 289, 292, 310, 382, 402 Sir J. Richardson, 180 Sir John Sebright, 20, 31 Sir R. Heron, 89 Sir Roderick Murchison, 289, 307 Skull, 21, 436 Slave-Making Ants, 216, 219–220, 244 Sloth, 341 Slugs, 67 Smith of Jordan Hill, 283 Snakes, 144 Snapdragon, 161 Social Insects, 236 community selection, 238 Song-Thrush, 76 Sorbus, 262 South Africa, 34, 347 South America, 1, 64, 183, 195, 290, 310, 322, 339, 346–347, 352, 397 South Downs, 285 Southern Hemisphere, 381 Special Creation species origin, 469 Specialisation, 168 Species, 6, 23, 29, 44, 47–48, 51–52, 55, 58–59, 78, 109, 120, 154, 168, 203, 259, 275, 296, 317, 338, 351–352, 380, 465, 473, 484 classification, 297 intercrossing, 245 species and varieties, 469, 485 species formation, 111, 120 species status, 482 species transitions, 293 Sphegidae, 218 Spiders, 442 Sporting Plants, 9, 132 Squirrels, 180 St. Helena, 390 Staffordshire, 71 Stag, 88 Stag-Beetles, 88 Steenstrup, 424 Sterility, 9, 26, 172, 236, 241, 245, 259, 460 hybrid sterility, 481 Sternum, 22 Stigma, 255, 263 Storks, 362 Straits of Magellan, 349 Strawberry, 41 Struggle for Existence, 4, 53, 60, 77, 110, 121, 125, 244, 337, 350, 405, 433, 459, 467, 490 definition, 62 Sub-Himalayan Deposits, 313 Subsidence, 291, 295, 327, 342, 465 Succulent Plants, 139 Suctorial Crustaceans, 436 Survival, 79 Sutures, 197 Swallows, 76 Swedish Turnip, 159 Sweet Peas, 75 Swim Bladder, 190, 204, 452 Systematics, 57, 117, 123, 128, 162, 256–257, 277, 412, 425, 428, 433, 455, 484 Tachytes Nigra, 218 Tail, 196, 205 Tapir, 281 Tasmania, 376 Tausch, 146 Tegetmeier, 233 Teleostean Fishes, 305 Telescope, 188 Temminck, 419 Temperate Productions, 377 Terrestrial Habits, 179 Terrestrial Mammals, 352, 393, 409 Tertiary Period, 174, 284, 290, 312, 323, 371 Theory of Natural Selection, 459 Thomas Henry Huxley, 438 Thouin, 262 Thoulouse Breed, 39 Thrushes, 185 Thuret, 258 Tierra Del Fuego, 18, 36, 215, 322, 374, 378 Tiger, 77 Titmouse, 183 Tobacco, 271 Tomes, 394 Tortoiseshell Cats, 144 Toxodon, 318, 323 Transitional Forms, 171–172, 204, 279, 282, 292, 301, 342, 466 Transitional Habits, 179 Transmutation of Species, 302 Tree of Life, 129–130 Trees, 100 Trifolium Incarnatum, 94 Trifolium Pratense, 73, 94 Trigonia, 321 Trilobites, 321 Troglodytes, 243 Tropical Productions, 377 Trumpeter, 21 Tuco-Tuco, 137 Tumbler Pigeons, 21, 87, 112, 214, 335, 424 Turan, 28 Turbit, 21 Turkey, 90, 197, 216 Turnips, 423 Turnspit Dog, 30 Umbelliferous Plants, 144 Unconscious Selection, 34, 102 Unfavourable Conditions, 256 Uniformity of Character, 103 Unisexual Species, 101 United States, 48, 85, 346 Unity of Type, 171, 206, 434 Universal Competition, 62 Upland Geese, 204 Upper Greensand, 304 Use and Disuse, 11, 43, 134, 137, 168, 206, 243, 447, 472 Utilitarian Doctrine, 199 Valenciennes, 384 Variation, 4, 17, 40, 44, 47–48, 51–52, 58, 75, 80, 82, 108, 110, 128, 131, 134, 167, 177, 189, 197, 209, 246, 265, 268, 295, 314, 320, 342, 351, 401, 405, 410, 443, 466, 469, 481–482, 489 laws, 472 natural variation, 468 species formation, 111 variation in structures, 474 Variation and Adaptation, 113, 119, 171, 204, 471 Varieties, 33, 37, 145, 251 Vegetative Repetition, 149 Vegetative Systems, 276 Verbascum, 251, 270 Vermilion Wax, 229, 232 Vertebrae, 22, 436 Vertebrates, 96, 187, 191, 329, 338, 416, 436 Vestiges of Creation, 3 Vestigial Organs, 450 Vigour, 96, 267 Viola Tricolor, 73 Virgin Forests, 74 Viti Archipelago, 394 Vizcacha, 349 Volcanic Islands, 284 Vulture, 197 W. C. Martin, 165 W. W. Edwards, 164 Wading Birds, 386 Wales, 366 Wallace, 395 Wasp, 202, 233 Water-Beetle, 77 Water-Birds, 387 Water-Hen, 185 Water-Ouzel, 185 Waterhouse, 116, 150, 225, 429 Wax, 224 construction material, 228 Wax Economy, 231 Weald, 285, 287 Webbed Feet, 199 West Indies, 364, 395 Westwood, 415 Whales, 184, 303–304, 428 Wheat, 113 Wheat Varieties, 75 Whirlwinds, 384 White Mountains, 365 White Pigeons, 85 Wide Geographical Range, 44, 53, 117, 404 Wild Parent Stocks, 37 Wild Species, 19 William Dawson, 296 William Herbert, 62, 250 Windsor Earl, 395 Wing Development, 136 Winged Seeds, 146 Wingless Beetles, 135 Wingless Birds, 391 Wings, 451 Wollaston, 132, 135, 389, 402 Wolves, 90–91, 214 Woodpeckers, 3, 60, 184 Woodward, 293, 316, 339 Working Ants, 236 Yellow Plums, 85 Yellow Water-Lily, 387 Yellow-Fleshed Peaches, 85 Yorkshire, 111 Yorkshire Sheep, 41 Youatt, 31 Zebra, 163, 167 Zoological Provinces, 408